The role and regulatory mechanism of tissue and organ crosstalk on skeletal muscle development: a review / 生物工程学报

Skeletal muscle is one of the most important organs in animal, and the regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle development is of great importance for the diagnosis of muscle-related diseases and the improvement of meat quality of livestock. The regulation of skeletal muscle development is a complex process, which is regulated by a large number of muscle secretory factors and signaling pathways. In addition, in order to maintain steady-state and maximum use of energy metabolism in the body, the body coordinates multiple tissues and organs to form the complex and sophisticated metabolic regulation network, which plays an important role for the regulation of skeletal muscle development. With the development of omics technologies, the underlying mechanism of tissue and organ communication has been deeply studied. This paper reviews the effects of crosstalk among adipose tissue, nerve tissue and intestinal tissue on skeletal muscle development, with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for targeted regulation of skeletal muscle development.

The effect of fat mass and obesity associated proteins mediated mRNA m6A modification on animal fat deposition and its application prospects / 生物工程学报

In the process of animal fat deposition, the proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes and the change of lipid droplet content in adipocytes are regulated by a series of transcription factors and signal pathways. Although researchers have conducted in-depth studies on the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of adipogenesis, there are relatively few reports on post-transcriptional modification on mRNA levels. The modification of mRNA m6A regulated by methyltransferase, demethylase and methylation reading protein is a dynamic and reversible process, which is closely related to fat deposition in animals. Fat mass and obesity associated proteins (FTO) act as RNA demethylases that affect the expression of modified genes and play a key role in fat deposition. This article summarized the mechanism of FTO-mediated demethylation of mRNA m6A in the process of animal fat deposition, suggesting that FTO may become a target for effective treatment of obesity. Moreover, this review summarized the development of FTO inhibitors in recent years.

Role of miRNA and lncRNA in animal fat deposition-a review / 生物工程学报

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of highly conserved nucleotide sequence composed of 18 to 25 nucleotides, which can specifically bind to the 3'-noncoding regions of mRNA, and then play a negative regulatory role in degrading mRNA or inhibiting translation. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of nucleotide sequence that exceeds 200 nucleotides in length and cannot encode proteins or can only encode protein peptides. It regulates gene expression at the levels of epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional. As an important energy storage organ, fat plays an important role in regulating the energy balance of animals, and is closely related to meat production traits such as meat production and meat quality. And the disorder of fat function can lead to hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes and a series of cardiovascular diseases, so the molecular regulation mechanism of animal fat deposition has attracted more attention. In recent years, more and more studies have found that miRNA and lncRNA play a crucial role in animal fat deposition. We review here the current research progresses in the role of miRNA and lncRNA in animal fat deposition, to provide theoretical guidance and new ideas for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of animal fat deposition.

Effect of over-expressed miR-155 on inhibiting C2C12 myogenic differentiation / 生物工程学报

To clarify the function and molecular mechanism of miR-155 in myogenic differentiation of C2C12, we constructed adenovirus over-expression vector of miR-155, then C2C12 cells were infected by adenovirus and induced myogenic differentiation. First, we observed the morphology of C2C12 after differentiation. Then the mRNA and protein expressions of myogenic markers (MyoD, MyoG and MyHC) were detected by qPCR and western blotting. Subsequently, the dual luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to validate putative target gene (TCF4) of miR-155. Meanwhile, mRNA level of TCF4 was analyzed after over-expressing miR-155. The results show that over-expressed miR-155 reduced myotubes formation. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of MyoG and MyHC decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Further research demonstrated miR-155 bound the one (4532-4538) of three putative sites (1487-1493,1516-1522, 4532-4583) of TCF4 by luciferase reporter gene assay and the mRNA level of TCF4 decreased notably (P < 0.05). The data suggest that miR-155 inhibited myogenic differentiation of C2C12 through targeted TCF4.

Effect and underlying mechanism of resveratol on porcine primary preadipocyte apoptosis / 生物工程学报

We demonstrated the effect of resveratrol on porcine primary preadipocytes apoptosis, to study the intracellular molecular mechanism. Porcine primary preadipocyte was treated with different concentration of resveratrol (0 micromol/L, 50 micromol/L, 100 micromol/L, 200 micromol/L, 400 micromol/L). We used optical microscope and fluorescence microscope to observe morphological changes during apoptosis after Hoechst 33258 Fluorescent dyes staining; and RT-PCR and Western blotting to measure the expression of apoptosis-associated gene sirt1, caspase-3, bcl-2, bax, p53, NF-kappaB. Primary preadipocyte apoptosis was apparent, accompanied by reduced cell volume, chromatin condensation, and nuclear shrinkage. Compared to the control and low concentration group, high dose group (200 micromol/L) significantly increased the ratio of primary preadipocyte apoptosis. The expression of sirt1, caspase-3, and bax was up-regulated markedly in response to resveratrol; in contrast, apoptotic inhibitor bcl-2, p53, NF-kappaB down-regulated. We further proved fact that resveratrol can specifically promote the activity of sirt1; moreover, activated sirt1 modulates the activity of caspase-3 and bcl-2 family, involving in transcriptional regulation of p53 and NF-kappaB through antagonizing factor-induced acetylation. Taken together, our data established resveratrol as new regulator in porcine primary preadipocyte apoptosis via activating the expression of sirt1, modulating activity of apoptotic-associated factor.